The two strategies, self-questioning and summarizing, were both effective because of there influence student attention, encoding and storage of knowledge. As noted in the article, much time was spent with the students, training them on the procedures involved in summarizing and self-questioning. This intense effort on proper execution of each strategy allowed students to enhance their attentiveness and encoding. As an example, as the control group listens to the lecture, they would be attentive but would not have the ability to utilize either of the two strategies to their advantage during the encoding process. Have you ever tried one or both of these?